Acidity regulator - E339

Sodium phosphates

Refers to:	Monosodium phosphate, Disodium phosphate, Trisodium phosphate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Sodium phosphate is an acidity regulator and chelating agent (used to bind metal ions). It prevents desiccation and is used as an acid stabilizer in powders as well as to prevent formation of clumps. It increases the activity of antioxidants.
Notes:	Sodium salts of phosphoric acid. Normal constituent of the body. Commercially produced from phosphoric acid, which is produced from phosphate mined in the US. Daily Intake: Up to 70 mg/kg body weight.
Is it harmful?	Avoid - Toxic food additive that determine the apparition of serious disease. Digestive disease.

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Last Update: Updated up to the 36^th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2013).

Acidity regulator - E338

Orthophosphoric acid

Alternate names:	E338
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Flavor Enhancer
Product Uses:	Food-grade phosphoric acid is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various colas. It provides a tangy and sour taste. Various salts of phosphoric acid, such as monocalcium phosphate, are used as leavening agents.
Notes:	Orthophosphoric acid is natural mineral inorganic acid, that is mined primarily in the USA. It is very inexpensive and often used as a substitute for other natural acids, as only a small amount of phosphoric acid is needed to get the same result as other organic acids. Daily Intake: Up to 70 mg/kg body weight. It has no side effects.
Is it harmful?	Avoid - Toxic food additive that determine the apparition of serious disease. Digestive disease.

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Acidity regulator - E336

Potassium tartrates

Refers to:	Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar), Dipotassium tartrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Commercially it is manufactured as a by-product of the wine industry.
Notes:	Sodium tartrates are the sodium salts of tartaric acid. Daily Intake: Up to 30 mg/kg body weight. It is not metabolised in the body; thus, it is excreted in the urine without side effects.
Is it harmful?	Suspicious

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Acidity regulator - E335

Sodium Tartrate

Alternate names:	E335, Monosodium tartrate, Disodium tartrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Typical products include sweets, jelly, jams, carbonated beverages.
Notes:	Sodium tartrates are the sodium salts of tartaric acid, a natural organic acid that is in many plants especially grapes, bananas and tamarinds. Commercially it is manufactured as a by-product of the wine industry. The sediment and other waste products from the fermentation process are neutralised, and then the precipitate is treated with sulphuric acid to produce tartaric acid. This produces a transparent crystalline powder which is soluble in water, and then used as an acidity regulator, and anti-oxidant in food.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E334

Tartaric Acid

Alternate names:	E334
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Flavour enhancer
Product Uses:	Typical products include baking powder, chewing gum, jams, sweets, jelly, tinned fruit and vegetables, cocoa powder and frozen dairy produce.
Notes:	Tartaric acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound. (+)-tartaric acid commonly occurs in nature and can be found in fruit, and sometimes in wine. Tartaric acid is industrially synthesized as a by-product during wine making. Excessive ingestion of tartaric acid results in laxative effects.
Is it harmful?	Suspicious

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Acidity regulator - E333

Calcium Citrate

Alternate names:	E333, Monocalcium citrate, Dicalcium citrate, Tricalcium citrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Firming agent, Preservative
Product Uses:	Used in many foods including ice-cream, wine, carbonated beverages, sweets, jams, jellies, evaporated and condensed milk, milk powder, processed cheeses, gelatin-based products and confectionery.
Notes:	Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid, a natural weak organic acid found in many fruits, especially citrus fruits. Commercially it may be produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate solutions, usually molasses or hydrolysed corn starch with Aspergillus niger. This produces a white crystalline powder which is soluble in water. Calcium citrate is used as an acidity regulator, preservative, anti-oxidant, sequestrant, firming agent, and sometimes a flavour in food.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E332

Potassium Citrate

Alternate names:	E332, Potassium Dihydrogen Citrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant,
Product Uses:	Found in foods such as jams, sweets, ice-cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine and processed cheeses.
Notes:	Potassium citrate is the potassium salt of citric acid, a natural weak organic acid found in many fruits, especially citrus fruits. Commercially it may be produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate solutions, usually molasses or hydrolysed corn starch with Aspergillus niger. This produces a white crystalline powder which is soluble in water. Potassium citrate is used as an acidity regulator and buffering agent in soft drinks. Tripostassium citrate can also be used as an antacid for the stomach.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E331

Sodium Citrate

Alternate names:	E331, Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Flavour enhancer, Sequestrant
Product Uses:	Found in foods such as ice-cream, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages and wine.
Notes:	Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural weak organic acid found in many fruits, especially citrus fruits. Commercially it may be produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate solutions, usually molasses or hydrolysed corn starch with Aspergillus niger. It is used as a preservative, and to add an acidic taste to foods and soft drinks. Monosodium citrate is a strong sequestrant and is used to prevent clumping in blood samples. Disodium citrate is used as an anti-oxidant, acidity regulator, and sequestrate in foods. Trisoduim citrate is used as a flavour, and preservative in foods. This produces a white crystalline powder which is soluble in water.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E330

Citric Acid

Alternate names:	E330
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Flavor enhancer, Preservative
Product Uses:	Found in foods such as butter oil, fruit juice, bakery goods, alcoholic drinks, beer, cheese and processed cheeses, spreads, cider, biscuits, cake mixes, frozen fish, ice-cream and sorbets, jams, jellies, frozen croquette potatoes and potato waffles, packet soups, sweets, tinned fruits, sauces, vegetables and wine.
Notes:	Citric acid is an organic acid found in fruit, vegetables and household products. It is used commercially as a preservative. It is found naturally in many fruit juices and in a variety of fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits. Citric acid does not cause allergic reactions in people who have a citrus allergy. This is because it is commercially produced from sugar, not fruit. Citric acid intolerance is an uncommon condition. This is unrelated to a sensitivity to Aspergillus niger (A. niger), a type of fungus that is used in the commercial production of citric acid. Note: it is possible that A. Niger and sulfites are not completely filtered out during the citric acid production process, which may affect some people. When a sufferer ingests or comes into contact with citric acid, symptoms similar to a food allergy can occur. Citric acid intolerance is triggered by ingesting or coming into contact with products that contain citric acid (E330) either naturally or introduced. Potential symptoms may include abdominal pain (stomach cramps), anaphylaxis - rarer, aphthous (oral) ulcer, atopic dermatitis (eczema), bloating, diarrhoea / diarrhea, nausea, pruritus (itch), skin crusting, skin dryness, skin rash – red, sore throat / mouth urticaria (hives) – rarer, vomiting. Through our research The Trusted Trolley Team have therefore rated Citric Acid as Certain People.
Is it harmful?	Certain People

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Acidity regulator - E329

Magnesium Lactate

Alternate names:	E329
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Found in foods such as sweets, salad dressings, cakes, biscuits, ready to eat meat and poultry, wheat beers, sour milk and yogurt, soft drinks, confectionery, pickled foods, tinned fruit and vegetables.
Notes:	Magnesium lactate is the magnesium salt of lactic acid, which is a natural acid produced by the fermentation of lactose (milk sugar). It is produced commercially from the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, and molasses. It acts as a preservative, acidity regulator, and anti-microbial agent which is highly effective against bacteria, fungi and yeast. Magnesium lactate is also a mineral supplement.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E328

Ammonium Lactate

Alternate names:	E328
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Found in foods such as sweets, salad dressings, cakes, biscuits, ready to eat meat and poultry, wheat beers, sour milk and yogurt, soft drinks, infant formulas, confectionery, pickled foods, tinned fruit and vegetables.
Notes:	Ammonium lactate is the ammonium salt of lactic acid, which is a natural acid produced by the fermentation of lactose (milk sugar). It is produced commercially from the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates and molasses.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E327

Calcium Lactate

Alternate names:	E327, calcium lactate 5-hydrate, calcium lactate, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant
Product Uses:	Used in foods such as sweets, salad dressings, cakes, biscuits, ready to eat meat and poultry, wheat beers, sour milk and yoghurt, soft drinks, confectionary, pickled foods, tinned fruit and vegetables.
Notes:	Calcium lactate is the calcium salt of lactic acid, which is a natural acid produced by the fermentation of lactose (milk sugar). It is produced commercially from the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate, to produce a white crystalline salt (a baking powder) that is soluble in water. Calcium lactate acts as a preservative, acidity regulator, and anti-microbial agent which is highly effective against bacteria, fungi, and yeast.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E325

Sodium Lactate

Alternate names:	E325, lacolin, lactic acid sodium salt
Function:	Acidity regulator, Antioxidant, Humectant
Product Uses:	Used in foods such as sweets, salad dressings, cakes, biscuits, ready to eat meat and poultry, wheat beers, sour milk and yogurt, soft drinks, confectionery, pickled foods, and tinned fruit and vegetables.
Notes:	Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, a natural acid produced by the fermentation of lactose (milk sugar). It is produced commercially from the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates and molasses. Sodium lactate acts as a preservative, acidity regulator, and anti-microbial agent, which is highly effective against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Lactic acid and lactates can be consumed by all religious groups, vegans and vegetarians. Although the name refers to milk, it is mot made from milk and thus suitable for people with milk allergy or lactose intolerances.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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Acidity regulator - E297

Fumaric Acid

Alternate names:	E297
Function:	Acidity regulator, Flavour enhancer, Antioxidant, Raising Agent
Product Uses:	Used in bakery items, breads, fruit juice, wine, confectionary, jellies, jams, gelatin, pie fillings, cake mixes, soft drinks, dry mixes, baking powder, baked goods, dairy products, edible oils and fats, meat, poultry, eggs, nuts and more.
Notes:	Fumaric acid is a natural acid widely found in plants (genus Fumaria officianalis) and in nature. It can be made by the catalytic oxidation of benzene or by bacterial fermentation on glucose. It produces a white odourless crystalline powder that is the strongest organic food acid in tartness and sourness. It acts as an acidity regulator, anti-oxidant, flavour, and a raising agent in flour based, baked goods. It is very inexpensive and often used as a substitute for other natural acids, as only a small amount of fumaric acid is needed to get the same result as other organic acids. No known side effects.
Is it harmful?	Safe

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